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1, 2 Not surprisingly, these microbial inhabitants outnumber all of the human cells in the entire body by approximately one order of magnitude (10 14 vs 10 13, respectively). Trillions of microorganisms live inside every human being. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus Fecal microbiota transplantation Gastrointestinal microbiome Irritable bowel syndrome Metabolic diseases Here, we review recent literature on gut microbial alterations and/or interactions involved in the pathophysiology of GI dysmotility and metabolic disorders. Studies are warranted to elucidate the cellular and molecular pathways underlying gut microbiota-host crosstalk and for the development of a powerful platform for future therapeutic approaches. However, treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics has been viewed with skepticism due to the risk of developing antibiotic resistant bacteria. Although treatment options for gut microbial dysbiosis are currently limited, antibiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, probiotics, and dietary interventions are currently the best options. There is now mounting evidence that alterations in the composition of small intestinal microbes have an association with GI dysmotility and metabolic disorders. State-of-the-art studies have investigated how gut microbes communicate with our body systems through microbiota-derived metabolites and how they are able to modulate host physiology.
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Current research has focused on discovering associations between these disorders and gut microbial dysbiosis however, whether these associations are a consequence or cause is still mostly unexplored. Mounting evidence has suggested gut microbial imbalance (dysbiosis) as a core pathophysiology in the development of GI motility and metabolic disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome and diabetes. The gut microbiota continuously adapts to the host environment and serves multiple critical functions for their hosts, including regulating host immunity, procuring energy from food, and preventing the colonization of pathogens. Abstract Of all microorganisms in the human body, the largest and most complex population resides in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.